The Idea of Revolution in the Russian Philosophical Thought of the Late 19th - Early 20th Century

The article raises the question of the spiritual component of the revolutionary situation that gave birth to October 1917, emphasizing the socio-philosophical interpretation of the idea of revolution. The author shows, that the latter puts her analysis at the forefront as the “point of bifurcation” of the historical process that places man in the situation of choosing the variant from the directions of social development proposed by history. Within the framework of such an approach, the analysis of the revolutionary situation assumes its correlation with the cultural and spiritual context of the epoch (features of national self-awareness, the educational level of the masses prevailing in the world ideological ideas, etc.). In this regard, the author turns to the domestic philosophy of the history of the second half of the 19th-early 20th century, showing in what theoretical context she considered the issues of freedom, violence, revolutionary break-up, reform, voluntarism, revolutionary terror. The article shows the conjugation of the interpretation of these issues to the political orientation of the October uprising and the subsequent transformations in the system of power and the socioeconomic structure of Russian society. Separately, the author poses the question of the extent to which the cultural, spiritual and political experience of the Russian democratic movement influenced the character and methods of revolutionary changes. The author justifies the thesis that the latter adequately “lie” only on the consciousness of the masses prepared for them and the opposition that claims political leadership. She analyzes the situation, which shows that by the beginning of the 20th century the fact of the polarity of the existing points of view on the social meaning of the expected revolution and the split in the democratic movement was obvious.

исторический процесс, культура, революция, свобода, насилие, российское демократическое движение, либерализм, боль-шевизм, народные массы, интеллигенция, революционная ситуация, во-люнтаризм, революционный террор, «Октябрь 1917», historical process, culture, revolution, freedom, violence, Russian democratic movement, liberalism, Bolshevism, masses, intelligentsia, revolutionary situation, voluntarism, revolutionary terror, «October 1917»

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