Abstract
One of the key problems, which determined the fail of socialist ideas both inside and outside USSR, was the inability of the Soviet economy to occupy the leading place in the world economy. But, vice versa, the disillusioning in socialist ideas was the key factor, which determined the decline in the development of the Soviet economy. The Soviet system went by t he too d iffi cu lt way, t r ying to solve in the same time the problems of capitalist development (unsolved before the revolution), and the problems of socialist transformation of the society without adequate material basis.