The Welfare State as a Practice of Compromise: European Models
https://doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-3-142-159
Abstract
The article analyzes the features of three main models of the welfare state: German, Northern European, and Anglo-Saxon. The author turns to the analysis of these models, first, because the problem of the welfare state in the world is again coming to the fore, and secondly, because social development in the most developed countries, in the author’s opinion, in the future will be largely determined by the values and behavioral models that are embedded in the three main versions of the social state in Europe. From the author’s point of view, the key features of the European social model, which combines these three versions, are respect for rights and human dignity, the ideas of equality and solidarity, the ideas of social and political compromise, and the choice of an evolutionary path of development. According to the author, these features are the main difference between the European model and what characterizes the political culture of Russia with its maximalism and tendency to extremes. The author believes that the social experience of Europe is something that needs to be addressed today in Russian conditions and that can be extremely valuable for us. At the same time, as shown in the article, the welfare state in Europe has important country features. The German model is characterized by an emphasis on maintaining the socio-economic status of the individual – this is a conservative model. The Northern European model is based on the principles of universal equality and universalism – it is a social-democratic model. And the Anglo-Saxon model, based on the low role of the state, on the great importance of civil society, is a liberal model. Nevertheless, despite significant differences, as shown in the article, all these models are characterized by the desire to implement compromise principles, to find a “Golden mean,” which makes them highly effective.
About the Author
Grigory Y. Kanarsh
Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Grigory Y. Kanarsh – Ph.D. in Politics, Senior Research Fellow, Department of Social Philosophy, Institute of Philosophy, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Moscow
References
1. Albert M. (1991) Capitalisme contre capitalisme. Paris: Seuil (Russian translation: Moscow: Ekonomicheskaia shkola, 1998).
2. Antyushina N.M. (2011) Essence and Prospects of the North European Model. In: Kargalova M.V. (Ed.) Social Europe in the 21 st Century (pp. 299319). Moscow: Ves’ mir (in Russian).
3. Belov V.B. (2011) Social State in Germany. In: Kargalova M.V. (Ed.) Social Europe in the 21 st Century (pp. 239–260). Moscow: Ves’ mir (in Russian).
4. Belyaeva L.V. (2019) The Growth of Income Inequality and Social Distances as a Result of the Weakening of the Social-Protecting Function of the State. In: Lapin N.I. (Ed.) Formation of the Welfare State and Prospects of the Social State in Russia. Realities and Projects (pp. 118–153). Saint Petersburg: Renome (in Russian).
5. Benassi D. (2010) “Father of the Welfare State”? Beveridge and the Emergence of the Welfare State. Sociologica. No 3, pp. 1–21.
6. Boltanski L. & Chiapello E. (1999) Le nouvel esprit du capitalisme. Paris: Gallimard (Russian translation: Moscow: Novoe Literaturnoe Obozrenie, 2011).
7. Bonoli G. (1997) Classifying Warfare States: A Two-dimension Approach. Journal of Social Policy. Vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 351–372.
8. Bunkova L.A. (2005) Social Program of the “New Labouritess” in Great Britain: Preparation, Priority Directions, Implementation (1994–2001) (dissertation). Moscow (in Russian).
9. Crawford K., Nevsky S.I., & Romanova E.V. (Eds.) The Social Market Economy – the Founders and Classics. Moscow: Ves’ mir (in Russian).
10. Edelman Trust Barometer 2020 (2020). Retrieved from https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/440941/Trust%20Barometer%202020/2020%20Edelman%20Trust%20Barometer%20Global%20Report.pdf
11. Efimov V.M. (2015) Social Question and Social State in Europe of the Second Half of the 19 th Century. Narodonaseleniye. No. 2, pp. 9–27 (in Russian).
12. Esping-Andersen C. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
13. Fedotova V.G., Kolpakov V.A., & Fedotova N.N. (2008) Global capitalism: Three Great Transformations. Socio-philosophical Analysis of the Relationship Between the Economy and Society. Moscow: Kul’turnaia revoliutsiia (in Russian).
14. Granin Yu.D. (2019) Socialization of European States in the 18th –20th Centuries. In: Lapin N.I. (Ed.) Formation of the Welfare State and Prospects of the Social State in Russia. Realities and Projects; Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Center for the Study of Socio-Cultural Changes (pp. 41–94). Saint Petersburg: Renome (in Russian).
15. Gromyko A.A. (2011) The Anglo-Saxon Model. In: Kargalova M.V. (Ed.) Social Europe in the 21 st Century (pp. 320–347). Moscow: Ves’ mir (in Russian).
16. Harvey D. (1990) The Condition of Postmodernity. An Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
17. Ilchenko M.S. & Martyanov V.S. (Eds.) (2015) Post-Fordism: Concepts, Institutions, and Practices. Moscow: Politicheskaya entsiklopediya (in Russian).
18. Inozemcev V.L. (2020, January 25) The World is Sick with Schizophrenia. Moskovsky Komsomolets. No. 28178, p. 3 (in Russian).
19. Kanarsh G.Yu. (2011) Social Justice: the Philosophical Conceptions and the Russian Situation. Moscow: Moscow University for the Humanities Press (in Russian).
20. Kanarsh G.Yu. (2020a) “Do not kill the goose that lays the golden eggs”: Welfare State and Its Transformations in the Early 20 th Century. Sotsiologicheskie Issledovaniia. Vol. 6, pp. 52–61 (in Russian).
21. Kanarsh G.Yu. (2020b) Justice, Democracy, Capitalism: Ways of Modernizing Russia in the 21 st Century. Moscow: Lenand (in Russian).
22. Kargalova M.V. (2011) Definition and Content of the European Social Model. In: Kargalova M.V. (Ed.) Social Europe in the 21 st Century (pp. 173186). Moscow: Ves’ mir (in Russian).
23. Kochetkova L.N. (2008) Lorenz von Stein’s Theory of the Social State. Filosofiya i obschestvo. No 3, pp. 69–79 (in Russian).
24. Kvashnin Yu.D. (Ed.) (2016) Social State in the EU: Past and Present. Moscow: Institute of World Economy and International Relationship Press (in Russian).
25. Menon R. (2019, June 18) Suicide Is Becoming America’s Latest Epidemic. The Nation. Retrieved from https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/suicide-rate-americas-latest-epidemic/
26. Misgeld K., Molin K., & Åmark K. (Eds.) (2000) Creating Social Democracy. A Century of the Social Democratic Labor Party in Sweden. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press (Russian translation: Moscow: Ves’ mir, 2011).
27. Nureev R.M. (Ed.) (2007) The Social Market Economy: Concepts, Practical Experience and Application Prospects in Russia. Moscow: HSE Press (in Russian).
28. Okhoshin O.V. (2014) “New Labourism of Tony Blair” (1994–2007) (dissertation). Moscow (in Russian).
29. Pavlova O.Yu. (2009) Economic Policy of British Labourites under the First Government of A. Blair (1997–2001) (dissertation). Moscow (in Russian).
30. Peregudov S.P. (1996) Thatcher and Thatcherism. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
31. Rabobyazhev N.V. (2012) European Social Democracy in Search of Adaptation to the Changing World. Politia. No. 3, pp. 146–167 (in Russian).
32. Rabobyazhev N.V. (2014) The Labour Party of Great Britain on the Way to Adaptation to the Modern World. Politia. No. 2, pp. 118–140 (in Russian).
33. Ricceri M. (2011) The American Model as an Alternative to the ESM on the World Stage. In: Kargalova M.V. (Ed.) Social Europe in the XXI Century (pp. 349–373). Moscow: Ves’ mir (in Russian).
34. Shevchuk O.V. (2000) The Post-Fordist Conceptions (A Critical Analysis). Kazan: Kazan State University Press (in Russian).
35. Sidorina T.Yu. (2018) The Welfare State. Saint Petersburg: Nestor-Istoriya (in Russian).
36. Sidorina T.Yu. (2013) The Welfare State: From Utopia to Crisis. Moscow: Russian State University for the Humanities Press (in Russian).
37. Webster F. (1995) Theories of the Information Society. London: Routledge (Russian translation: Moscow: Aspect-Press, 2004).
38. Zaritskii B.E. (2003) The German Economy: The Path to the Stairs Leading Down. Moscow: Yurist (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Kanarsh G.Y. The Welfare State as a Practice of Compromise: European Models. Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences. 2020;63(3):142-159. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-3-142-159
Email this article 