Transfer of Foreign Ideas to the Philosophical Culture of Belarus in the 19th and 20th Centuries
https://doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-10-88-102
Abstract
The article gives an overview of works on philosophy published in the 19th and 20th centuries in Belarus, widely influenced by the reception of philosophical views and trends of leading Western European thinkers. The main philosophical ideas of German philosophers (I. Kant, G.W.F. Hegel, K. Marx, F. Nietzsche and others) found creative reflections among the intellectuals of the Northwestern Krai (Region) of the Russian Empire, which included Belarus in the 19th century. The authors analyze the role of foreign ideas in the first third of the 20th century on the example of one of the first textbooks on dialectical materialism published by S.Ya. Wolfson in the 1920s (has undergone seven editions). On the basis of the analysis of dissertations (over 800 dissertation of the 1950s–1980s), the authors demonstrate the significance of Western socio-philosophical ideas for the development of philosophical culture in Belarus. Considering the content and features of the processes of transfer of foreign philosophical ideas for two centuries, it can be concluded that is the dominance of the conceptions of German philosophy, especially in the 19th century. Interest in German philosophy also prevailed in pre-war Soviet philosophy, while the focus was on Marxism and materialistic philosophy in general. Another trend is the significant role of works on the history of philosophy, including personalities and approaches. All this demonstrates that national Belarusian thought developed in the context of European philosophical culture.
About the Authors
Anatoly A. Liahchylin
Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Anatoly A. Liahchylin – Ph.D. in Philosophy, Associate Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy of Culture, Belarusian State University.
Minsk
Andrey Y. Dudchik
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus; Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Andrey Y. Dudchik – Ph.D. in Philosophy, Deputy Director for Research, Institute of Philosophy; Associate Professor, Department of Philosophy of Culture, Belarusian State University.
Minsk
References
1. Angiolini J. (1819) Institutiones philosophicae ad usum studiosorum Aca demiae Polocensis. Polociae (in Latin).
2. Antonovich I.I. (1970) Contemporary “Philosophical Anthropology”: Critical Research. Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika (in Russian).
3. Antonovich I.I. (1976) Sociology of USA. Problems and Searches for So lutions. Minsk: BSU Press (in Russian).
4. Antonovich I.I. (1980) Bourgeois Social Theory: Critical Analysis of Main Approaches, Theories, Concepts. Vol. 1: Stages of Evolution. Minsk: Vysshaya shkola (in Russian).
5. Antonovich I.I. (1981) Bourgeois Social Theory: Critical Analysis of Main Approaches, Theories, Concepts. Vol. 2: Dialectics of Crisis. Minsk: Vysshaya shkola (in Russian).
6. Babosov E.M. (1976) Social Aspects of Scientific and Technological Revolution. Minsk: BSU Press (in Russian).
7. Buczynski V. (1844) Institutiones Philosophicae. Viennae (in Latin).
8. Davidyuk G.P. (1968) Criticism of the Theory of the Single Industrial Society. Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika (in Russian).
9. Davidyuk G.P. (1975) Introduction into Applied Sociology. Minsk: Vysshaya shkola (in Russian).
10. Davidyuk G.P. (1979) Applied Sociology. Minsk: Vysshaya shkola (in Russian).
11. Davidyuk G.P. (Ed.) (1984) Dictionary of Applied Sociology. Minsk: Universitetskoe (in Russian).
12. Demin M.R. (2015) The Dilemma of the Profession: Soviet Institutions and Modern University Philosophy in Russia. In: Dmitriev A.N. (Ed.) The Humanities: History of Disciplines (pp. 483−507). Moscow: HSE Publish ing House (in Russian).
13. Dowgird A. (2014) Wykład przyrodzonych myślenia prawideł czyli logi ka teoretyczna i praktyczna. Polock. In: Jadacki J. (Ed.) Anioł Dowgird. Zdrowy rozsądek i kraina marzeń. Pisma wybrane (pp. 157−462). Warszawa: Semper (in Polish).
14. Dudchik A.Y. (2016) Disciplinary Transformation of the Belarusian Academic Philosophy in the PostSoviet Period (On the Basis of Theses 1991–2013). Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences = Filosofskie nauki. No. 7, pp. 149−152 (in Russian).
15. Dudchik A.Y. (2017) The Birth of Sociology from the Spirit of (Critique of Bourgeois) Philosophy? The Belarusian Case in the 1960s through 1980s. State of Affairs. Vol. 13, pp. 93−118.
16. Dudchik A.Y. (2018a) Dynamics of dissertation research in philosophical sciences in the BSSR in the 1952–1955. In: Liahchylin A.A. & Rumyantseva T.G. (Eds.) Philosophical and Cultural Studies. Issue 3 (pp. 106–116). Minsk: BSU (in Russian).
17. Dudchik A.Y. (2018b) History of Philosophy as Foundation for the Soviet Canon: The First Lecture Course in Dialectical Materialism in Belarus in the 1920s. Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology. No. 4. P. 82–87.
18. Dudchik A.Y. (2018c) Mobility of Ideology, Mobility of People: Shared Memories of Studying MarxistLeninist Philosophy in Belarus (the 1970– 80s) by Former Soviet and Foreign Students. In: Memory. Identity. Culture. Vol. 2: Mobility in Text. Text in Mobility (pp. 215−225). Riga: The University of Latvia Press.
19. Dudchik A.Y. (2019) Study of Foreign Sociological Ideas in the Works of G.P. Davidyuk of the 1960s and 80s. Journal of the Belarusian State Uni versity. Sociology. No. 1, pp. 93−101 (in Russian).
20. Dudchik A. (2020) Studenci zagraniczni w Katedrze Filozofii Białoruskiego Uniwersytetu Państwowego w Mińsku w latach siedemdziesiątych i osiem dziesiątych XX wieku. In: Dworaczek K. & Łagojda K. (Eds.) Środowisko studenckie w krajach bloku sowieckiego 1945–1990 (pp. 589−606). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo IPN (in Polish).
21. Greenfeld L. (1988) Soviet Sociology and Sociology in the Soviet Union. Annual Review of Sociology. Vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 99–123.
22. Iosko M.I. (1977) K. Marx, F. Engels and revolutionary Belarus. Minsk: BSU Press (in Russian).
23. Kupchin N.S. & Efremova O.I. (1973) The Beginning of the Spread of Marxism. In: Buslov K.P. (Ed.) Essays on the History of Philosophical and Sociological Thought in Belarus (before 1917) (pp. 481−490). Minsk: Nauka i tekhnika (in Russian).
24. Kurennoy V. (2004) Notes on Some Problems in Domestic History of Philosophy. Logos. No. 3/4, pp. 3−29 (in Russian).
25. Lange F.A. (1887) Geschichte des Materialismus und Kritik seiner Bedeutung in der Gegenwart. Leipzig: Baedeker (in German).
26. Liahchylin A.A. & Pozniakova O.L. (2016) Reception of the Kantian ideas in Belarus. In: Liahchylin A.A. & Rumyantseva T.G. (Eds.) Philosophical and Cultural Studies. Issue 2 (pp. 27−33). Minsk: BSU (in Russian).
27. Maimon S. (2016) Autobiography. Moscow: Knizhniki (Russian translation).
28. Novik I.M. (2013) Wolfson and Belarusian Soviet philosophy in the 1920s. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Series of the humanities. No. 1, pp. 5−9. (in Belarusian).
29. Rozhin N.V. (1970) Newspaper “Northwestern Krai”: Essay on social, political and aesthetic position in the 1902−1905. Minsk: BSU Press (in Russian).
30. Skrynchenko D.V. (1908) Life Values according to Modern Philosophical and Christian Doctrine. Saint Petersburg (in Russian).
31. Shaalkevich V.F. (1993) Kant’s Philosophy in Belarus in the First Third of the 19th Century. Vestnik BSU. Series 3. No. 3, pp. 23−26 (in Belarusian).
32. Wolfson S.Y. (1923) Dialectical Materialism: Lecture Course for BSU. Minsk: Beltrestpechat (in Russian).
Review
For citations:
Liahchylin A.A., Dudchik A.Y. Transfer of Foreign Ideas to the Philosophical Culture of Belarus in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Russian Journal of Philosophical Sciences. 2020;63(10):88-102. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.30727/0235-1188-2020-63-10-88-102
Email this article 