Political Ideologies and Technology

The article explores the analytical relations between traditional (these are termed “partial”) and “total” ideologies. Traditional ideologies originated in 18th-19th century Bourgeois revolutions; as such, they embody social and political aspirations of certain social groups (conservatism, liberalism, socialism). Those ideologies which we termed “total” are of technocratic type: they follow the route of progress and embrace those of etatist attributes which are appropriate to it. At present, partial ideologies are in crisis; the latter resulted from disintegration of the social entities which used to form the foundation of democratic states. “Total” ideologies undergo intensification insofar as technological progress continues; they may be anonymous (Jürgen Habermas “Technology and Science as Ideology”) or, otherwise, receive corresponding theoretical fulfillment. They may coexist with traditional ideologies and influence them or strive to supersede them. “Total” ideologies (they are epitomized by science and technology) are a cause of a heavy stress which oppresses people, deprives them of alternative thinking capacity insofar as the present state of society is concerned (Herbert Marcuse). The above mentioned themes are analyzed with reference to early technocratic theories (C.-A. Saint-Simon, A. Comte, A. Bogdanov), as well as to contemporary technocratic systems the authors of which (G. Ellul, K. Kastoriadis, A. Gorz), better than anybody, perceive the anonymous pressure of technology and administrative state.

частичные идеологии, тотальные идеологии, технократия, политика, административное государство, мораль, partial ideologies, total ideologies, technocracy, politics, administrative state, morals, history, social alternative, progress, democracy

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