Voltaire and Tolstoy: Literary Experience, Experiment Scheme, Judgment Format

Abstract

Since the Renaissance the literary culture represents a sphere of the experimental research on the internal human nature directed to the transformation of the moral nature impulses into knowledge schemes of regulatives of the world perception, of the thought, desire and action. The Voltaire’s literary experiment scheme reduces all the imaginable and all the perceivable to argumentative scenes where the experimenters coexist in the illusionary free production of judgments on the basis of cognitive conditions in order to elaborate in the free opinions exchange the human existence rules according to the human as a stimulated-reacting animal operated by language forms. For Tolstoy the classical novel of “world will” and his philosophical position insert in this experimentation the reflection moment which would turn reactive consciousness facts into stimulating judgments about the life purposes.