The article identifies a series of questions answering which might explain what a social revolution is. What historically conditions can lead to the maturation of the revolutionary situation? What objective conditions and subjective factors must take place for transition of a revolutionary situation into a real revolutionary process? The opposite question: what circumstances can prevent a revolution when revolutionary ideas, which time has come, captured the minds of people? Does the social revolution consolidate a society? It is proposed to develop guidelines according to which it will be possible to distinguish social revolutionary acts among the variety of historically important social, political, and cultural events. The author has attempted to designate a consistent research field, where it is possible to demonstrate the diversity of theoretical approaches, intellectual traditions and attitudes to understanding of the social revolution as a special phenomenon, which is clearly standing out not only among the ordinary, but also among the most significant events in the history of mankind.

The author compares two radically opposing viewpoints - liberal and Marxist -on the historic significance of the October revolution and Soviet socialism. China has continued the work of building a socialist society, socialism with national (civilization) specificity. It is concluded that China in the new historical conditions of the 21st century has successfully implemented a model of non-capitalist socialism. Based on this conclusion, the author largely reassesses the path traversed by the Soviet Union (Russia) during the 20'* century as the world’s first attempt to go towards the building of non-capitalist socialism, which as a result of mistakes suffered a historic defeat.

The reason for the discussion of the current situation in the Russian philosophy, as well as in the world acted the coincidence of significant dates: 100 years of the October Revolution of 1917, 95 years of «Philosophical ship», 45 years of the Philosophical Society of the USSR and 25 years of the Russian Philosophical Society. First, the author raises the following two issues - how the Russian philosophy has overcome the lag of Western philosophy is not whether the Russian philosophy of the provincial - and leads opposite answers. He then collide several versions of the October Revolution of the seventeenth year, and several assessments of the modern Russian state and the system, including examining the views on these issues Alexander Zinoviev, George Shchedrovitsky, Zygmunt Bauman, Remchu-kova Constantine, Gregory Vodolazova. The second part of the article is devoted to the analysis of the ongoing social transformation of the world and the challenges that therefore facing humanity and modern philosophy.

The article examines the role of consciousness in conditions of global crisis of our civilization. The negative qualities of the mass consciousness that contribute to this situation: the ever-increasing consumerism, aggression, excessive egoism stand out. The author discusses the possibility of changing these negative properties during anthropo-technological evolution. Especially dangerous is the aggressive growth that manifests itself in modern forms of extremism, social conflicts and hostilities. The author raises the question about the possibility of countering aggression by the use of information technology.

In this paper, we propose a new approach to phenomenological interpretation of neuro-data based on postulating intentionality as a universal mechanism inherent to different living bodies, which in turn allows to differentiate three levels of cognitive activity, namely proto-consciousness, consciousness and consciousness (self-awareness).

In the article, the main ideas of E.G. Dragalina-Chernaya book Informal notes on Logical Form are discussed in connection with the challenge philosophic logic is facing nowadays coming up from contemporary experimental science. “Sociology” of logic is the respond to this challenge: theory is acquiring the area for applied research of how the logical exists socially.

The author analyzes views on religion of famous Russian psychologist Alexander Fedorovich Lazursky (1874-1917), who was one of creators of psychology of personality and personal diversity. In the paper, his approach is studied in the context of his general teaching, notion of personality, its endopsychic and exopsychic characteristics and the program of the study of personality in its interconnection with environment that was developed by Lazursky together with S.L. Frank. We examine central characteristics of religious personality, the role of religious feelings in the system of human feelings and inquire its importance for the development of religious mind. In his classification of personalities, we are especially interested in the study of general types in context of which he analyzes subtypes of religious personalities. We see interesting parallels with Western philosophers and psychologists of the early twentieth century (particularly, with Hoeffding and James) and discuss the importance of the views of Lazursky for contemporary study of religion.

This article deals with a number of works of the soviet scientist Alexander Klibanov devoted to the problems of studying the psychology of believers. Basing on published and archive sources we can highlight four main areas in Klibanov’s study of the psychology of believers (building typology of religious consciousness, classification of religiosity degrees, analysis of religious fanaticism, an integrated approach to the study of believers’ worldview). Despite the specific approach of the Soviet period (to see religion as a relict of past eras), Klibanov developed a fully working typology, his methodology of field research including interviews.