The article focuses on the major work of the Russian medical scientist and system theorist Alexander Bogdanov, Tektology, the general science of organization. Concepts formulated by Bogdanov in 1920ies are examined from the standpoint of modern advances in systemic and cybernetic approach. It is shown that Bogdanov’s pioneering approach led him to emphasize the process of «emergent transaction» as key issue for understanding complex systems’ activities and going beyond the classical concept of interaction of components still dominant in the discourse on Systems Theory throughout the 20^th Century.

The article deals with Helmuth Plessner's philosophical and anthropological theory of laughing and crying. The theory implies a hermeneutic study of specific forms of human expressivity, in which the philosopher introduces his view on phenomenology and hermeneutics, known as hermeneutics of nature. Bodily being is at the center of phenomenological description and hermeneutical explanation in Plessner's philosophy: here the immediate emotional experience of the world on the bodily level finds its expression in the theory of laughing and crying, a study of forms of specific human expressivity.

The article examines the phenomenon of psychological time in light of the problems of clinical psychology. The author defends the thesis that the specific character of psyche, comprising the conscious and the unconscious, is manifested in a person's experience of psychological time. Specification of this temporal aspect of psychic functioning provides for a fuller and deeper presentation of the sources of mental disorders.

The paper attempts to examine predictive, preventive and personalized medicine (PPPM), from a transdisciplinary point of view, as a system with a complex organization comprising the patient. The patient then can be considered an active participant in PPPM, which adds another P to the configuration and explicitly enables its practice through reflection on the axiological assessment of natural scientific knowledge. This approach defines PPPPM as a humanitarian medicine, discriminating, but not separating fundamental and applied, natural and humanitarian scientific aspects.

The article examines some aspects of ancient Indian and Chinese medicine, developing hypothesis about their close relationship and complex character that combines mythological and high metaphysical ideas. Oriental medical schools are seen as a kind of historical and philosophical examples of a more humanitarian approach to medical knowledge and practice.

The article considers the problem of humanitarian meaning, and humanitarian practices in medicine. It analyses the experience of narrative medicine on overcoming the pathology oriented of biomedical paradigm. The importance of «patient’s narrative» is determined by the possibility of deeper insight into in life of the suffering person. Humanitarian medicine is the forerunner of integrated holistic medicine of future.

This work focuses on the relationship between two innovative fields, humanities-oriented medicine and humanities-oriented biology (the bio-humanities). Humanities-oriented biology deals with the totality of applications of the life sciences to the social sciences and humanities and includes a number of interdisciplinary biosocial and biocultural areas of research, such as biopolitics, bioethics, and bioaesthetics. To the extent to which medicine is related to biology, analogous conceptual foundations can be provided for humanities-oriented medicine that is concerned with all possible applications of the life sciences in the field of medicine. The author believes that humanities-oriented medicine (HOM) should incorporate analogs of interdisciplinary biosocial/biocultural areas of research such as medical politics, medical ethics, and medical aesthetics. In terms of HOM, a humanities-oriented attitude of the doctor towards the patient can be developed, which is compatible with the more conventional collegial attitude in the doctor-patient system.

The article analyzes philosophy understood as the culture’s self-consciousness. It examines the specifics of classical and non-classical philosophy, introduces the post-non-classical type of philosophical rationality and shows that the system of succession and cumulative development of philosophical knowledge look different under classical and post-non-classical approaches.

Becoming postnonclassical rationality in psychology is considered. The methodological problems of psychology are discusses in connection with the study of topical issues of security, health promotion, diagnostics of human functional state, and using modern information technologies.