The paper presents and substantiates the author’s concept of spiritual rationality, which comes to being in the form of «translogical thinking». Such a mental instrument enables human spirit to manifest itself in theoretical activities as a thinking whole, being realized inseparably in merging of the creative and formally deductive components.

This article analyses the current state of the Russian education system, the results of comparativist international researches in this field as well as a large array of social data. On this basis, the author reveals the main trends of the Russian educational policy, its near- and medium-term prospects. In his view, modern Russia has not overcome the effects of intellectual, moral, and spiritual disasters originating in the 1990s. Moreover, to overcome these disasters requires a new education policy.

The article considers some questions of development of scientific knowledge in general and humanities in particular, their functioning in society in connection with the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which, in the opinion of the author, requires serious reflection.

Victor Cousin was one of the main figures in the French-German philosophical contacts in the first half of the 19^th century. His travels to Germany, familiarity with G.W.F. Hegel and F. Schelling had a significant impact on the reception of German Idealism in France. Cousin was also a reformer of the French education system, contributed to the development of the historical and philosophical studies, what also was influenced by the German tradition.

This paper analyzes the reception of Heidegger's metaphysics and his critique of subject in modern philosophy by the generation of French philosophers of the 60s. The specifics of this reception were due in no small part to ideological preferences of Heidegger, a member of the National Socialist Party of Germany, who miraculously received support in France especially among the «leftist» intellectuals.

The article investigates the problems of technics and ethics of communications in present period. The author considers the concepts of pluralism and liberalism and comes to the conclusion about intersubjective character of interaction of cultures.

The article shows the importance of studying religion as a special state of consciousness for general religious study. Such approach allows to focus on examining specifics of religion, on details of the believer’s lifeworld without turning to the world as it is. The examples of text, body and law demonstrate christological determinacy of the Apostle Paul’s lifeworld and its possibility in that capacity. The world is not given Paul in itself, but is experienced him in the spectral tones of the feelings of passion, love and death. Christ is passion and love embodied as the predetermining structure of consciousness. The author registers the difference between the early Christian religious feeling and the modern one, the difference between ancient cognition (its continual and open nature) and modern cognition.

The article examines the views of Gilbert of Poitiers (1085/1090 – 1154) on the status of philosophical and theological knowledge. The author describes the thinker's distinction in fields of theoretical knowledge, recounts his views on the specifics of theological knowledge and the challenges it poses to philosophy, and offers a short analysis of how theology may be possible as scientific knowledge in light of Gilbert's doctrine.

The article dwells on the problem of realization of the conscience freedom principle in modern society. In the center of attention there is a question, why the young people often prefer to plunge into the life atmosphere of new religious associations instead of following settled and habitual for the majority doctrines of «traditional» religious institutes. This work is one of the attempts to discredit the myth about «zombification» and «brainwashing».