The paper looks at the issue of the relationship between Marx and Marxism and discusses three approaches to the issue, widely used in contemporary Marxist literature and among marxologists. The author examines in detail the principal novelty of concepts of Lenin speaking of the need to translate Marx’s materialistic theory of history to the political level as a theoretical issue. The author also notes the contribution of the Chinese leaders into further development of the political theory of Marxism closely connected with the issues of strategy and tactics of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. In conclusion, the paper states that world history now becomes increasingly complex and mixed, and therefore, the question of whether Marxist philosophers in this situation will be able to find ways of realization of the 11th thesis of Marx оn Feuerbach remains open.

These two papers deal with different ways Marx and Engels searched for the origin of the materialistic historical theory; they shows the methodology used by Marx and Engels to find out the origin of the theory. It is proposed to consider the category of human relations to the world to be the origin of the materialistic historical theory. The paper shows up the general methodology used by Marx and Engels to determine three origin premises of the reality, three origin aspects of the social activity, trilateral first definitions for the terms production, communication (Verkehr) and society, as well as trilateral first definitions for the term productive forces, that were used little, if at all, in the official dogmatic historical materialism - partly for ideological reasons, partly as a result of translation errors. Based on the way Marx and Engels defined the categories, discussed in the paper and providing for the integrity of the materialistic historical theory, the paper deals with the question: Was there the first stage of the communism in the USSR?

This paper deals with the relations between Nicolay Berdyaev and Gabriel Marcel during the 20-30 years of the 20th century in the capital of France. The author of this paper makes an attempt to reconstruct the first meeting of these thinkers through the mediation of Maritain and other French intellectuals. He analyzes the correspondence between these philosophers, the materials of the Studio Franco-Russe 1928-1931 and the association “L`Union pour la Verité” and others intellectual centers and structures. The concept of resonance used in this paper to describe the philosophical kinship and similarities of ideas of two philosophers is situated in the center of author’s methodological position. The main goal of the paper is to demonstrate that the spiritual resonance between these thinkers is based upon the Christian humanism, spiritualism and existentialism in spite of theirs visible divergences in the many other aspects.

Since the Renaissance the literary culture represents a sphere of the experimental research on the internal human nature directed to the transformation of the moral nature impulses into knowledge schemes of regulatives of the world perception, of the thought, desire and action. The Voltaire’s literary experiment scheme reduces all the imaginable and all the perceivable to argumentative scenes where the experimenters coexist in the illusionary free production of judgments on the basis of cognitive conditions in order to elaborate in the free opinions exchange the human existence rules according to the human as a stimulated-reacting animal operated by language forms. For Tolstoy the classical novel of “world will” and his philosophical position insert in this experimentation the reflection moment which would turn reactive consciousness facts into stimulating judgments about the life purposes.

Тhe article discusses the historical and methodological aspetcts of the «Zagorsk experiment». In the late 70-ies of the last century E.V. Ilyenkov, his supporters and also mass media and the authorities called him «an outstanding achievement of Soviet science of the world level»: four deafblind from birth, deprived of the psyche and consciousness, thanks to the Marxist methods of education were able to graduate from the psychology department of Moscow State University. Based on this concept E.V. Ilenkov stated about the formation of the person starting from «mental zero», as a purely social education, in which genetic factors play no role. However, it soon became clear that all four have lost sight and hearing in a rather late age, having already developed consciousness and well-formed speech. Moreover, the two of them had residual vision, and two other had remnants of hearing. These crucial facts refuted the concept of E.V. Ilyenkov, however, it was hidden by him and his supporters because the concept found support from official bodies. During perestroika this fraud was publicly exposed. However, still in numerous philosophical publications of the supporters of E.V. Ilyenkov the falsehood is silenced and the Zagorsky experiment extolled as an outstanding achievement of science. The article critically discusses these publications in the context of analysis of the social-biosocial problems, which became particularly acute in the context of global environmental crisis. The article shows the inconsistency of the concept of E.V. Ilyenkov. It is emphasized that in the face of rising technological capabilities of prosthetics vision and hearing the development of new methodological, pedagogical and psychological approaches to the solution of problems of social rehabilitation of deafblind becomes necessary.

The problem of suicide as an active act of the individual is now becoming particularly acute. There are different opinions on the issue of suicide, particularly on the law and freedom of individual implementation of this act. Different religions have different views on the suicide, especially on the question of its moral justification or condemnation. Abrahamic religions consider this act as an offence against God, as a sinful act, but in some Eastern religions there is no moral condemnation of suicide. The roots of the differences must be sought in the specifics of the religion itself, mainly in soteriology and anthropology. However, suicide as a willful act, an act that has its specificity, may have no religious component, and this in turn indicates that the reason for the implementation of this act can reveal something that has no sacred character, and is purely a routine matter. But if the suicide takes place in everyday life, what initiates this act? The article is aimed at disclosure of the issue.

The review analyzes the main content of reports presented at the 33rd Charax forum Political Space and Social Time: the Dialogue of Epochs and Values of Generations, which took place from 8 to 12 November 2017 in Yalta (Republic of Crimea). The forum was organized by the V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Black Sea Information and Analytical Centre, Faculty of Law of Trnava University (Trnava, Slovakia). The forum was attended by over 90 researchers from Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Poland, Bulgaria, India, who discussed the latest political and social development in Russia and foreign countries, culture and history of the Crimea, its place in modern political and socio-cultural space. The review analyzes the ideas expressed at the round tables Slavic Vector in Geopolitics of the 21st Century (in memory of A.S. Panarin), Islam and Geopolitics in the Middle East, Crimea in the Сontext of the Russian Political, Economic and Socio-Cultural Space and at the 14th International seminar Religion and Сivil Society, which took place in the framework of the forum. The results of researches were carried out in the context of social philosophy, political science, sociology, cultural studies, comparative psycholinguistics and other scientific fields, which were presented in papers at the forum.