The article (Part I) examines some basic concepts from «The Dictionary of Paul Ricœur», compiled by French scholars O. Abel and J. Porée. The terms used in Ricœur's ethical-political doctrine, based on the defi nition of ethos as «the goal of a good life with and for others within just institutions» («visée de la vie bonne avec et pour autrui dans des institutions justes»), are analyzed.

This paper considers the problem of completeness of historical being in the inter pret ation of Russian philosophy and history. Time f rame is limited by becoming of the Russian philosophy of history in the capacity of knowledge, the subject of which is universal laws and spiritually-moral basics of the historical process, and also possibilities and boundaries of the adequate interpretation of historical events.

The article deals with a branch of the Russian Philosophy, which was closely connected with a Natural History. The Russian science of XVIII - XX centuries contains scholars, which simultaneously were naturalists and philosophers. The author of the article considers their ideas, which enriched Russian Philosophy.

This article examines the political, social, and evolutional aspects of relations between society and authority. What is an authority? Where does it come from? What are the relations between authority and people? What is a society? What does bring people together? Who and why comes to power? The article looks for answers to these questions.

The results of the State Duma election and the public reaction to it revealed a quali tatively new political situation. New social forces entered the political arena. The period between parliamentary and presidential elections will be a period of re-fl ection of this situation and practical conclusions for both the government and the society. The main task of Russian society is to ensure a second round of the presidential election with an unpredictable ending.

The article analyzes the dialectical unity of the reasons of both genesis and demise of the USSR in their unity. Methodological basis of the article is new dialectics of non-linear t ransformations, of genesis and «su nset» of social systems, which includes not only progress, but also regress, involution, reverse streams of the social time, counter-reforms and counter-revolutions. Author proves, that the failure of the fi rst attempt is not the evidence of the failure of the strategy of such transformation and use the parallel with the collapse of the fi rst attempts of «construction» of bourgeois world in Renaissance Italy, which were not the basis, proving the dead end character of capitalist project.

The article deals with the question of measure and character of the transformation from the USSR towards the modern Russian reality as prerequisite for the appearance of the irrational forms of post-soviet being. The author analyze if this is the key for the defi nition of the social forms of being of modern man and how this forms are interconnected with the principle of his subjective being; if they are required by the modern Russian realities. In order to fi nd the answer on this question the author investigates the soviet practices of subjective being of the man, their contradictions and forms of salvation.

The article is devoted to the answer on the question: who and why destroyed USSR. Main political forces, which determined the «perestropyka» dynamic are analyzed. Author shows strategic goals and dynamics of the struggle of this forces in the days of August Putsch and characterizes the persons, who led to this result. Author presents original variant of interpretation of soviet history and «perestroika» as not-finished social-democratic project.

One of the key problems, which determined the fail of socialist ideas both inside and outside USSR, was the inability of the Soviet economy to occupy the leading place in the world economy. But, vice versa, the disillusioning in socialist ideas was the key factor, which determined the decline in the development of the Soviet economy. The Soviet system went by t he too d iffi cu lt way, t r ying to solve in the same time the problems of capitalist development (unsolved before the revolution), and the problems of socialist transformation of the society without adequate material basis.

In article the analysis of theoretic problems post soviet's transformation on base Mar x's t heor y mode of product ion. Af te r Ru ssian r evolutio n 1917 i n Russia c omplex it y the bourgeois mode of production, which was character for whole period of soviet history. But this situation establish contradiction between bourgeois practicability and socialist ideology. After 1991 socialist phraseology destroy and bourgeois reality appear in uncover the kind.

The Soviet Union has not died yet, though it is dying a very slow and painful death. The main reason for his dying is not economical or even political. It rather stands from the blatant contradiction between the Russian traditionalism and the Bolshevik avant-gardism. That has prevented the Soviet project from overcoming its fragmentary condition. While dying the Soviet Union produced a hole lost generation, desperately trying to mediate between the past and the future.

Examining the approach to education of the Russian philosopher S.I. Gessen we can outline the objects of methodological analysis. The basic feature of this approach is that any object for analysis is viewed in the context of culture.