The article examines the relationship between structure of the individual consciousness and social relations in which the subject is involved. The concept of self is analyzed as a structure of consciousness that arises in the course of social interactions, and further defnes the actions of the subject. To the task, the author turns to the theory of individual consciousness by R. Harré and philosophical researches of D. Dennett.

The article offers an original defnition of «everyday life», oriented on the history of this notion, critically examines the defnitions, offered by L. Ionin, V. Leleko and others, and considers a variant of structuring everyday life.

The article examines the evolution of gastronomic culture, taboo against cannibalism as its base code, ontological characteristics and cultural meanings of the taboo. What kind of transformations occurs with gastronomic culture at present time? Why fast food is a dangerous food? What kind of base gastronomic fears has a modern man? The article looks for answers to these questions.

In the focus of the article is the problem of definition of a category «rest/leisure» in the structure of daily life. The category «rest/leisure» is shown as one of the 3 elements of daily life: work, mode of life and rest/leisure. Historical and cultural content of this definition was examined with forms of rest/leisure in Imperial Russia. The author marked out social distinctions in rest/leisure.

The article considers some social and cultural aspects of the modernization of Russian regions as the regions being outstandingly diverse. The new strategies of the regional modernization are to consider not only the region's economic features but also the moods of its inhabitants, their potential to participate in reforms, their cultural capitals and the relations of the social groups constituting the regional social space. The establishment of the middle class is an important prerequisite for the modernization, and this establishment in the social structure depends on the favorable social background and the lowering of the social space tension.

The article highlights the main problems of the region initiated and exacerbated by the global financial and economic crisis. It represents the analysis of modernization process as a special type of progress, that includes not only social and economic changes, but social and cultural transformation of the society. The article also speaks about the role of socio-cultural factors and social measurement in modernization of region.

The article shows that globalization, modernization, urbanization, mass culture and migration, having a relatively positive sense, lead to depersonalization, destruction of traditional cultural identity, which is fraught with social tension and dysfunctions. Absence of tolerance and trust ethnic groups to each other prevents from effective development of modernization.

The article considers the sociohistorical periods, tendencies, sociocultural specifcs and level of modernization of the Chechen Republic. Social changes and obstacles of modernization of the region are characterized.

The article is devoted to the Marx's theory of activity; special nature of this activity as activity directed to itself is considered. Necessity of appearance of consciousness is investigated in connection with this. Development possibilities of Marxs concepts of freedom and progress are considered. Critical understanding of spontaneity of historical process is given.