In article the analysis of theoretical approaches of philosophers to understanding of a phenomenon of political culture is carried out. The basic attention is given the analysis of various schools which influenced formation of the modern concept of political culture.

One should distinguish between political culture as the aggregate of values and norms defining the state of a society's political system, the mind and behavior of the political man; and the culture of political process as the ability of current policies to support a society's human development and to fill people's lives with meaning. Russian culture of political process is realized as the change in political and social quality, to uncertain result.

This report considers value-normative model of sociogenesis. The allocation of the value axis (safety - justice - freedom), and the institutional one (culture - right - state) allows you to capture the features of the cultural profile of the company, its deformation, accentuation of political ideologies. The specificity of value content of Russian culture allows us to consider it as a resource and as a barrier for the development of Russian society. The articulation of goals and ways, as well as the social base of this development are of particular importance.

The article deals with the relation of practice implementation of the Russian parliamentary and democratic political values. Special attention is paid to identifying features of the interaction of the state and society in Russia, evaluation and trust from the Russians to the parliamentary democratic values, diversity of participation / nonparticipation of people in politics, the specifics of domestic political and legal culture. An attempt to explain the low level of democracy of the Russian political culture, the slow development of parliamentarism in Russia.

The paper presents an analysis of typology criteria of political culture of contemporary Russia (1991 to 2012). The concepts of loyalty are presented in this article. The characteristics of political loyalty are determined. The concept of political loyalty examines through connotations approach. The possible prospects of loyalty are formulated as a criterion of the typology of political culture.

The author reveals the shortcomings of civil society in contemporary Russia; examines the picture of factors associated with promoting civic culture as well as civic and patriotic education programs. The agents of political socialization, particularly family, schools, mass media etc. may have a bigger role to play in improving student civic development, political knowledge, and political participation skills. Thoughtful civic education programs may go a long way in the country.

Battles of the First World War were accompanied by the full-scale war of words of the intellectuals. In Germany the representatives of the right wing of Social-Democratic Party took part in this propaganda, opposing the «ideas of 1914» to the liberal «ideas of 1789».

The article is concentrated on correlation of regular law and effective political action in Carl Schmitt’s «Dictatorship». This problem is connected with the question of relation between state and individual rights in Schmitt’s system of values.

It is impossible to comprehend Aristotle’s system without taking into consideration Plato’s project stated in «The Republic». This article is considering Plato’s and Aristotle’s dispute on the form of political structure. The author supposes that specific features of the state become apparent in its education system; education occupies a special place in this article. By the analysis of unity and education as the key concepts of Plato’s «The Republic», he leads us to Aristotle’s idea of state that implies a possibility of virtuous, happy and independent life.

In this paper Carnap extends the program of physicalism to psychology, by demonstrating that the statements of psychology can be translated into the physical language, and thus, that the laws of psychology can be interpreted as the laws of physics. It is claimed that every psychological sentence is related to physical processes in the body of the corresponding individual (or individuals), and hence, psychology is a subdiscipline of a unified science built on the basis of physics. Physics is understood here in a maximal broad sense, as some general science, which sets up correspondences between numbers and time-space points.