The article is devoted to the problems of pension provision for Russian citizens, operation of the pension system and corresponding legislation. The key aspect of the author’s approach and the main thesis of the article is that the low pension income and the artificial reduction of the number of pension recipients are harmful not only from a social and humanitarian, but also from an economic point of view. Using the case of State Duma’s consideration of the law on the renewal of full-scale indexation of pensions, the author argues in favor of such a renewal. 1. The policy of “under-indexation” of pensions leads to a further decline in the standard of living of one of the most vulnerable groups of the Russian population. 2. This policy artificially defers the economic development of the country, so far as the effective demand for domestic commodities decreases. The article analyzes one of the key proposals of the so-called A.L. Kudrin plan (who is a former Russian Minister of Finance and incumbent Deputy Chairman of the Economic Council under the President of the Russian Federation) on the need of increase in the retirement age. The main objections against this proposal are as follows. 1. The growth of unemployment and of spending on unemployment allowances. 2. The rise of morbidity and of spending on health insurance. 3. The decrease in life expectancy. 4. The deterioration of conditions and quality of education for children of preschool and primary school age. The author comes to the conclusion that increase in the retirement age in Russia has already begun and will create a group of new poor people, who are deprived of income in the form of both pensions and wages. In 2017, their number can reach 70 thousand people, and since 2020 one in seven of those who have the right to retire at a modern retirement age will be in such a condition. The idea of A.L. Kudrin seems to be especially outdated in the light of the expected widespread unemployment around the world as an outcome of the digital revolution and the progress of automation, when in the most developed countries the issue of universal basic income is discussed. In the author’s opinion, the decent pension income of the older generation is an investment in human potential, which in this case is able to turn into human capital and have a significant impact on the modernization of the economy and social sector.

The article describes the systemic changes of the world order that occurred in the 20^th century, characterizes the modern geopolitical confrontation, the new global challenges, supporting strategic instability and unpredictability of the world, creating a frightening image of global chaos. The Collapse of the Soviet State has led to the deterioration of the political situation in the world. Remaining the only superpower, the United States believes that it should dominate the world. Although over the past quarter of century the world has changed, a new force challenging the hegemony of the West came in the political arena: China and the forces opposed to its pressure (Russia and its allies). Russia is emerging from a long, largely tragic, but inevitable in this case, the period of adaptation to new conditions of existence, - updated, economically stronger, and politically cohesive... confidently takes on the status of its former greatness. New independent states, where the process of formation of national identity is intensively going on and sovereignty is being strengthened make themselves known. Now the West has entered a period of political turbulence. How sustainable may be the design of the new world and whether it can add prosperity and happiness on Earth will show a time of great presentiments, which we are entering.

Geopolitical shifts in the modern world, transformation of unipolar world lead to the struggle of the two tendencies of the world development - globalism and isolationism. In the theoretical plan, the relationships between “modern”, “postmodern” and tradition are transformed. A concept of «new modernity» appears in the West as well as in Russia as a part of these changes. Despite the nuances of its interpretation it is forming practically in a moment. Hot discussions about outlines of the new society take place in the European science literature. This society is called «hypermodern», «supermodern», «metamodern». A rethinking of the understanding of «space» also takes place. It loses former connection with the nation and the state keeping only the dignity of «the declared value». A new human psychotype called «the individual of hypermodern» appears. The category of «no-place», «nobody’s space» free of historicity and amplifying the alienation becomes stable in its life. Hyperactivity, hypercommunicability and hyperstress characterize a new subject. The involvement of Russia into the processes of globalization leads to disappointment in the ideas of postmodern which generated hypertropfied forms of individualism just as in the West. Though the Russian understanding of «supermodern» is concentrating at looking for «new sacrality» with the support of traditional Russian social-moral values of justice and equality, combine in itself the rational start of Enlightenment and the traditional-value start.

The article considers the possibility of Russia interaction with other cultural worlds, in particular, with German. At the present stage the desire for such interaction is very urgent task, because the world is in a dangerous state, in the conditions of tectonic changes, accompanied by many difficulties and threats. The author notes that despite all difficulties and contradictions, Russia and Germany have not only common purposes and interests, but also deeper general bases on which it is possible to rely and move further. It is a certain spiritual and cultural affinity, and also manifestation of mutual sympathy, despite the sufferings of memory connected with war. The desire of the German society to rely on traditions, connected with searches of identity in the context of globalization, also promotes mutual understanding of Russia and Germany. In this regard, the article shows what happened in German society evolution in understanding the tradition -from its actual negation in the age of Enlightenment to the recognition of its positive value at this time. The author also notes that the modern traditionalism, developed by the Russian and western scientists, provides a good basis for modern communicative projects.

The article deals with the current state of neuroethics, which can be defined (due to the concept of T. Kuhn) as pre-paradigmatic, characterized by quest for systematic theory and basic principles, criteria for analyzing and interpreting the results of measurement procedures. Among the key questions that this theory should cover, the problem of the neurophysiological foundations of morality especially highlighted. We claim that the search for such grounds lies largely along the continuation of the “discussion” of the Kantian rationalistic tradition of treating morality, and the standpoint of D. Hume, which stresses the emotional bases of moral actions. In the very focus of the article is the state of the second level theories (metaethics) in neuroethics: the idea of the emotionally-intuitive foundations of moral judgments, and criticism of J. Green’s deontological theory of honesty and dishonesty, and M. Hauser and J. Mikhail’s “Universal Moral Grammar”. Particular emphasis placed upon comprehension the nature of moral judgments and the influence of feelings of disgust on moral decisions. It speaks for the fact that there is a close interaction between emotional-sensory and rational in moral judgments. The results of neuroethical studies pondered over through the prism of Kantian motifs associated with the dilemma of psychologism and antipsychologism. An attempt made to analyze the idea of a priori under the angle of current experimental data related to the neurophysiological foundations of morality.

The article examines attempts to clarify the nature of the remarkable effectiveness of mathematics referred to in the well-known work of E. Wigner and analyzed recent work on the problem of the reality of mathematics. The main result of this paper is the clarification of the cognitive nature of mathematics: mathematics is a developing conceptual framework and «technical» tools of metatheoretic modeling performed and used with the help of ideal methods of research developed through the formation and development of their tools and the “means of production”. So, mathematics is, first of all, developing subjectivity which carries the possibility of deepening self-knowledge of man as of Man Investigating and an opportunity to discover deeper laws of the world. Ultimately this is the source of its remarkable effectiveness. The clarification of the cognitive nature of mathematics opens up the opportunity to research the following issue: the extent to which today's General mathematical education meets its cognitive and epistemological nature - as metatheoretic area of knowledge with opportunities arising from this its quality, or only as “part of physics”.

The physical lifeless created the alive, the biological gave rise to the material technical. The laws of technical evolution are explained by the technetics -the science of technical reality. The technical transformed the biosphere into technosphere. The life of man is impossible without the components of the technetics. These are the essences: technique, technology, materials, products of consumption, ecological influence. The technical may be lifeless, alive, tech-netical. Each of the components is documentary constructed according to the first world science concept laws. The manufactured product as an individual unit differs by Gauss from the calculated parameters of species. The quantity of technical units of enterprise or city forms singular communities - technical coenoses. They are characterized by the invariance of coenosis structure: the invariance of coenoses’ structure and the big-small ratio. The coenological mathematical apparatus of hyperbolic Я-distributions form the foundation of the third science world concept. The technical evolution is defined by the informational selection law, dictating three main points of scientific-technical progress.

Fast development of digital reality now puts a question to mankind about its future progress. We consider the project of technological future proposed by experts of the World Economic Forum and its alternative. Special attention is paid to information wars, reflexive technologies of social process control and Russian project of situation centers net. Analysis of development trends, risks and perspectives is made from point of view of postnonclassical science rationality, theory of reflexion control and synergetics.

Modern digital technologies change radically the economy, the way of life at hole. The labor market requires a qualitatively different content for the training of graduates of educational institutions. Digitalization affects not only the content of education, but also its organization. These processes have ambiguous consequences for the positioning of both the university and the teaching work. Necessary competences are often purchased outside the educational institutions, because educational programs often do not keep up with the dynamics of technology. Online education market raises the question about the university degree status. The professor turns from a carrier of knowledge and skills into a navigator which helps to navigate the knowledge bases. All these issues are particularly acute in relation to the reform of the Russian system of higher education. The necessary optimization is replaced by simply reducing the number of universities and reducing their financial support. Evaluation of the content of scientific activity is replaced by the formal requisites of scientometrics. Professor’s work acquires precariat character.

The article focuses on the transformation mechanisms of aggression in the rapid growth of information flows. It reveals the impact of publicly encouraged norms and values of modern society on this process. The shift of emphasis and the widespread publicity led to a rise in deviancy and the emergence of new forms of representations of themselves in cyberspace. Negative phenomena readily replicated and distributed in digital content led to the emergence of the fashion for ostentatious aggression and violence, and blurring the boundaries between normality and deviation-to-distortion values and meanings. Material, value differentiation gave rise to marginal groups dictating the conditions in the Internet space and using various forms of aggression to create favorable conditions for the widespread hysteria and scandal. Public aggression and ostentatious cruelty become the norm of public discourse, which leads to further segregation of society. Any newsworthy turns into a neurotic discourse with the division into groups of “us” and “them”, and an alternative point of view and reasoned dialogue are virtually excluded from modern public field. The promotion of intolerant behaviour exacerbates the communicative imbalance in the modern Russian society, speaking an additional incentive negative, conflict dialogue, devaluing and degrading of the value of the opponent. The enslavement of society activates extremely fundamentalist trend, which on-line go into a real collision. With the growth of such trends in society, the threat of uncontrolled transfer of aggression from the virtual network world in everyday life, become a close reality and the forecast and development of preventive measures are one of the key tasks of modern society.

The paper reviews the problem of Internet usage by people 60+ from the two angles: classical statistics and interdisciplinary approach, based on culturology, psychology and sociology. Statistical analysis shows that the majority of people 60+ in Russia so far do not live in the virtual world, not answering the question why. We can try to understand who already lives in virtual world, if we look at the situation not from positivist point of view, which studies developed facts but from interdisciplinary approach which studies developing facts and processes. The leading role in interdisciplinary research is attributed to personal values, informal rules and relations.