The national idea is a creation of history, series of successive national ideologies, it’s a way for theoretical thought to understand the national interest of the country. The idea and interest formed the Russian national character. As for the spiritual component of the national idea, the millennial experience of the cultural development of Russia and the universalism of its culture demonstrate its own historical mission.

Russian historian, philosopher, culturologist Georgy Fedotov (1866 -1951) has passed several stages in his intellectual life: he was a marxist-socialist, a Christian socialist, a Christian democrat and, finally, a Christian liberal. At each of these stages the central concept in Fedotov’s creative work was the concept of freedom. Basing on considerable factual material the author analyzes the evolution of the concept of freedom in G.P. Fedotov’s creative work.

The major theme in Russian Literature was the painting of the state of human perfection which humanity would reach in history. Vladimir Odoyevsky believed that in this state the humanity would be connected with the whole universe and would take complete control of it by means of joint efforts of his mind and mystical intuition. Fyodor Dostoevsky and Andrey Platonov refused to consider the perfect state of Humanity as attainable, because in this state humanity would disappear in the form it exists now. Humanity will always strive for perfection and never would be reached in final form.

The First World war was an expression of the deep spiritual and political crisis of Europe. For Russia it was a real, genuine catastrophe. According to many European and Russian intellectuals, this war has destroyed the values of the enlightened Christian Europe, which constituted the essence of the project of modernity. Russian philosophers, analyzing the events of the war, with new force continued paradigmatic discussions that were initiated by the Slavophiles and the Westernizers. The confrontation between Germany and Russia pushed thinkers in irreconcilable dispute about the spiritual essence of German and Russian culture. Articles and public presentations of Russian philosophers convey to us the voice of the Great war, helping to understand its meaning.

The article dwells on the evaluation of the recent discussions in the special literature, as well (partially) in the “blogs”, devoted to the history of philosophy in soviet époque. Two main stereotypes are under the critical consideration: 1) The usage of the terms “soviet philosophy” and “the philosophy in the soviet age” as the equvalent which the author is arguing as to be absurd. The term “soviet philosophy” is so cold “contradictio in objecto”, because the philosophy in proper sense of world, which without any doubt existed and developed in the USSR, was neither “Soviet” nor “anti-Soviet”. So cold “soviet pseudo-philosophy” was in its essence a mixture of ideological and quasi-philosophical elements, served as a tool of suppress directed namely against philosophy and philosophers of the soviet age. 2) The second stereotype is the opinion, that the studies and ideas, which in the soviet age were developed with the orientation on Marx’ philosophy (for exemple in the works of Ilienkov, Mamardashvili, Shchedrowitsky, J. Davidov a.o.), were the errors to be overcome in a contemporary philosophy.

The proofs from “Proslogion” by Anselm of Canterbury and from the “Fifth Meditation” by Rene Descartes are the most famous historical variants of ontological argumentation for the existence of God. In this article an attempt has been made to show that despite the peculiarities of philosophy and terminology of these two authors the arguments they proposed are one and the same argument.

The article emphasizes that the Academy of Sciences is not only one of the oldest Institutions of the state, but also the “brain center” of the country. It is shown that over the history of the Academy have been several attempts to destroy it. Diametrically opposite points of view of the leading Russian scientists on the current reform of fundamental science and RAS structures are analyzed. The possible negative effects of the reform of the Russian Academy of Sciences are shown.

The article tells about an educational project that was launched by the Institute of philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences and F.M. Dostoyevsky Municipal Library in Moscow (Chistoprudny Boulevard, 23) in the summer 2014. The project called «Anatomy of Philosophy: How the Text Works». The leading researchers of the Institute of philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences tell listeners about philosophical schools and problems, read and comment together with the audience classical as well as modern philosophical texts. The purpose of weekly meetings is to create an independent philosophical club where professional philosophers could share their knowledge and ideas with everybody who is interested in the world intellectual history.