Francis Hutcheson presents the moral sense as a power of perception, which is not determined in its function by self-love, material interest, religious belief, praise, custom, education, etc. Owing to the moral sense the agent appears to be independent and autonomous in his motives and decisions. Thus Hutcheson approached an idea of autonomy, though not articulated. The significance of Hutcheson regarding this question is in extended description of practical correlatives of the phenomenon known as «autonomy» in its conceptualized version from Immanuel Kant.

The paper analyses origins and particular features of Frances Hutcheson’s conception of perfect and imperfect rights and duties. This division has its roots in two conceptual oppositions used by Ancient Stoics: «justice» - «beneficence» and «proper function» - «virtuous (perfect) action». It was elaborated in the natural law ethics of Samuel Pufendorf. Hutcheson adopts basic features of perfect and imperfect rights and duties proposed by Pufendorf, but makes some corrections in his scheme. Hutcheson stresses the role of perfectionist foundations of this typology, resists the tendency to underestimate the significance of imperfect rights and duties, and adds to the typology a new type of rights - external rights.

The article raised the problem of modernization of Russian society as a necessary response to the external and internal challenges. It is shown that this response should take into account the socio-cultural features of Russia and its regions, particularly in relation to the spatial characteristics of the country, the state of its population and migration processes.

The current article gives a philosophical analysis of the interaction of globalization and modernization in the historical context. The author proposes a methodological understanding of the contents of these concepts, taking into account the characteristics of their deployment in real-world situations of the past and present. The process is presented as a way to implement the practice of globalization.

The paper attempts to research the basics of the consumer society using the analysis of correlation of production and consumption. The author shows that inequality in consumption and consumerism creates premises for the global injustice. He assumes that the consumer society is not formed but in the West. Non-west countries meet the ideology of consumption, exporting pollution, under-consumption, luxury of elites, but not form the consumer society itself. Causes of that are in the correlation of production and consumption in the non-west societies.

The article is focused on understanding of identity in sociology of late XX - early XXI centuries. The author identifies three «generations of sociologists» according to different interpretations of identity. It is argued that nonlinear development of societies results in the nonlinear dynamics of identity. The theory of identity as a process and the idea of identity continuum are introduced and analyzed. The idea of identity continuum sets the limits for continuous formation and reformation of identity for each subject.

This paper discusses a problem of language translation with reference to languages in science. Three approaches to this problem represented by logical positivism, postpositivism and pragmatism are considered. These approaches are compared to syntactic, semantic and pragmatic models in information theory, respectively. The paper shows that the contradiction between syntax and semantic is resolved at the extralinguistic level of pragmatic approach.

Using the «new phenomenology» as an example the article demonstrates new tendency of modern theology - to ground God through feeling. The critical exposition of this phenomenology declines understanding of feeling as cognition. Being non-cognitive feeling cannot be evidence of God. The article proposes to discuss a specificity of faith as feeling allowing effect of God presence.

Techno-landscape of the informational society and forms of object-subject interaction are described in the article. Man’s new ontological niches produced by the technologies of «internet of things», «pervasive computer», «smart and hybrid environment» and NBIC-technologies are investigated as a «new ecology» of subjectivity.

The article deals with anthropological and social dimensions based on Industry 4.0 and Internet of Things projects.

The article considers the modern historiographical situation associated with the phenomenon of so called «anthropological turn» in the humanities, as well as the relevance of this issue for medicine as a science of human. The main thesis of the article is to understand the concept of humanitarian medicine as a fundamental anthropological constant of universal culture, held in its development through different stages, but in one form or another has always existed in medicine. Mission of the doctor is to retrieve the integrity of the person being, despite the fact of human suffering, sickness and death as also unavoidable «anthropological constants». Shaping the worldview of modern doctor-healer should be based on the principle of recognition of «another animality», readiness to apply the principles and rules of bioethics in own practice, readiness for a dialogue that will lead to the individualization of medical discourse, creating humanistic concept of the patient as a part of humanitarian medicine.

The article raises the problem of reflection of a new type of medical knowledge that is organically combined the dimensions of external and internal aspects of human existence. To express this idea, an integral approach and modeling by different kinds of ontological regions within a united ontological card are offered. The phenomenon of life in this case acts as a unity of the inner and outer regions of the world. The idea of in(ex)ternal invariants in integral ontological maps is proposed and studied. Pathos is seen as a phenomenon of this kind of invariant, further saturated by complex determination of external and internal being.