The article was retracted on September 30, 2019.

In the article, the author attempts to find an answer to the main question of the confrontation of contemporary nation-states with globalization processes, which gradually and systematically neutralize specific cultural and historical experience, embodied in language, customs, traditions, religion, art and everyday life of the various societies. Where should lie the contact line between the national and the global? How to reconcile the traditional time-honored cultural practices with the foreign borrowed practices? The outcome of these processes will determine the modern life-style of people of the countries and what place they will take in the global cultural and civilizational space.

The article analyzes main contemporary conceptions of nation-state and explicates the origins of global instability. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union our world did not become more stable and secure, but entered the phase of global risks. Process of transformation is guided against resurrection of such a powerful state as Russia, which is able to head the realization of Eurasian model of development and starts formation of new world order as alternative of the Western model of development.

The article reveals the historical background of China’s transition to non-capitalist path of building socialism (socialism with Chinese characteristics). It shows the similarities in the historical development paths of Russia and China in the last several centuries. It discusses the theoretical possibility of Russia’s transition to a development path similar to the path of modern China.

In this paper, we demonstrate the selecting of dominating ethics in three types of scientific rationality (classical, nonclassical and postnonclassical). The analysis of ethical aspects in Lefebvre’s basic models allows us to come to the conclusion that, in them, the major signs of the selected dominating ethics in three types of scientific rationality are reflected. These considerations positively influence the evaluation of significance of Lefebvre’s models and the expediency of their use in the development of ethics adequate to various types of scientific rationality.

Revolution in the field of control connected with new problems and means for solving them takes place now. Philosophical and methodological analysis can play important role in contemporary science. The article show perspectives revealing by interdisciplinary view on arising problems. The last is connected with overcoming of the abyss between natural and humanitarian sciences, with post-nonclassical rationality, with synergetics.

The article considers the knowledge management as a modern management concept, where a variety of both classical and non-classical areas of scientific knowledge: philosophy, computer science, artificial intelligence, political science, Economics, organizational behavior. The article highlights the main methodological problems of knowledge management: the effectiveness and limits of applicability of the concept of knowledge in organization management, interdisciplinarity of knowledge management, collective implicit knowledge, structure of knowledge in the organization. The article analyzes the new technology of working with Big Data knowledge, the possibility of its use in political forecasting.

Based on principal analogy between social and biological systems the methodological approach is suggested to study large social systems like national economies. In parallel to biological systems social systems consist of autonomous elements which in turn are governed by algorithmic programs. Smallest autonomous elements in biology are cells, in societies - people, and the programs are genes and behavioral routines respectively. Starting from this analogy the methodological frame for direct social engineering experiments is described. Kondratieff’s long wave theory helps to find out goals on macro-level: the experiment should operate with individual behavioral programs related to science and technology (S&T) because S&T institutions are crucial for long-term macro-level success. For short-term macro-level monitoring small towns economies can be analyzed. Project-based research activity is suggested as a key tool for direct experimental correction of S&T-related behavioral programs in high school students. Ethical impacts of such the approach are discussed.

The article discusses different types of argumentation that are used in the processes of scientific cognition. ‘Internal’ and ‘external’ forms of scientific communication are distinguished. The point is established that each of these forms has its own influence on the specifics of the arguments that are used to justify the novation which is proposed by the scientist.

Modern natural science has given the rise to the technological civilization and material culture around us, making our today life easy, comfortable and fast. The importance of natural-science studies is stressed by government and business, when it comes to funding, as well as by society, constantly awaiting new technological inventions. But what nowadays is expected from humanitarians? Is it possible to consider the results of their intellectual work from the standpoint of public benefit? What kinds of social needs could be satisfied by humanitarian products? Studies within the field of social philosophy of science allows to indicate the great number of actual and potential directions for applying humanitarian knowledge to solving practical problems of contemporary human and society. The analysis presented in the article results in the statement of question about making the correction of priorities in Russian scientific policy.

The article represents results of investigation of forecasting and futurology and methodology of both and proposes solution of problem of their distinction. Comparative analysis of forecasting and futurology as form of activity is carried out, its purposes and methodological programms are distinguished. It is shown, that specificity of methodology of forecasting - on the one hand, and of futurology - on other hand, is caused not so much by specificity of its objects, as its purposes. Phenomenon of futures studies is also discussed, its relationships with forecasting and futurology are brought to light. Characteristic of forecasting as form of activity, different from futurological activity, and also from planning and projecting, is given.

The article provides critical analysis of social constructionist approach towards the Self that regards the Self as social construction or as fiction. The principle arguments of social constructionists supporting the renouncement of the concept of the Self are researched and their weak spots are shown. The following thesis is substantiated: the renouncement of the concept of the Self is not only unproductive, but it is also dangerous. The danger lies in the fact that this renouncement questions the possibility of the existence of the autonomous subject who can carry responsibility for one’s actions. It also questions the possibility of the understanding and dialogue between the Self and the Other.

The article is devoted to the essential features of the philosophy of Russian liberalism shaped in the second half of the 19th century. The representatives of this movement (B. Chicherin, A. Gradovskij, P. Novgorodtsev and others) criticized the classical liberalism for the fact that it considered state as a mechanical aggregate of social «atoms» (separate persons), which are devoid of inner content, possess only external freedom and are only interlinked with external relationships. As opposed to this idea, Russian liberals propounded teleological understanding of state coming from the fact of the primacy of inner and spiritual freedom of personality realizing itself through culture. In this conception the notions of culture and national unity define progressive and purposive historical development of society.

The article outlines some of the worldview, philosophical and practical issues raised in the framework of evolutionary-projective philosophy of Russian cosmism, and based on the analysis of the modern evolution of social and natural existence of the Universe checks the realization of their theoretical constructions in practice.

Article presents the analytical overview of materials of the IXth All-Russian Conference of students, post-graduates and young scientists “Artificial Intelligence: Philosophy, Methodology, Innovation”.